随机算法关于生日悖论的求值
In probability theory, the birthday problem, or birthday paradox This not a paradox in the sense of leading to a logical contradiction, but is called a paradox because the mathematical truth contradicts naive intuition: most people estimate that the chance is much lower than 50%. pertains to the probalility that in a set of randomly chosen people some pair of them will have the same birthday. In a group of at least 23 randomly chosen people, there is more than 50% probalility that some pair of them will both have been born on the same day. For 57 or more people, the probability is more than 99%, and it reachese 100% when the number of people reaches 366 (by the pigeon hole principle, ignoring leap yeas). The mathematics behind this problem lead to a well-known cryptographic attack call the birthday attack.